Perangkat Keras

Perangkat Keras

Komputer merupakan piranti elektronik yang diberoperasi dibawah kendali instruksi komputer

Instruksi disimpan dalam memori

Komputer terdiri atas berbagai komponen elektrik, elektronik, dan mekanik yang disebut hardware

 Piranti input …

Definisi : piranti input (input device) …

input merupakan data atau instruksi yang dimasukkan ke memori komputer.

Piranti input merupakan perangkat keras yang memungkinkan pengguna untuk memasukkan data dan instruksi (program, perintah atau respons pengguna) ke computer.

Piranti Input pada Komputer terdiri dari :

keyboard

Pointing devices

Touch devices

Scanner, Readers & Camera

Audio input

keyboard …

Merupakan piranti input yang terdiri dari berbagai tombol (keys) yang digunakan untuk memasukkan huruf, angka atau symbol lain.

Merupakan piranti input yang digunakan untuk memasukkan data dan instruksi ke sebuah komputer

keyboard untuk mobile devices …

Memiliki jumlah key (tombol) yang lebih sedikit (biasanya 85 tombol untuk laptop)

On screen keyboard, mini keyboard

Keyboard Ergonomics …

Bentuk keyboard konvensional (berbentuk kotak) sangat rentan membuat kelelahan bagi pengguna yang secara intensif (baca non stop) menggunakan keyboard dalam pekerjaannya.

Pengguna mengalami repetitive strain injuries (RSI) pada jari dang tangannya. 

Keyboard ergonomics dirancang untuk mengatasi problem ini.

 tips …

What can I do to reduce chances of experiencing repetitive strain injuries?

If possible, use an ergonomic keyboard. Do not rest your wrists on the edge of a desk; use a wrist rest. Keep your forearms and wrists level so that your wrists do not bend. Take a break and do hand exercises every 15 minutes. Keep your shoulders, arms, hands, and wrists relaxed while you work. Main tain good posture. Keep feet flat on the floor, with one foot slightly in front of the other. Immediately stop using the computer if you begin to experience pain or fatigue.

tips …

If the specifications for a computer or device state that it uses a QWERTY keyboard, that means the alphanumeric keys are laid out in the same position as they are on a standard typewriter keyboard (with QWERTY as the first six letters in the top row of letters).

Pointing device …

Merupakan piranti input yang memungkinkan pengguna untuk mengatur atau mengendalikan penunjuk (pointer) di layar.

Piranti yang digunakan untuk memilih dan memanipulasi objek, memasukkan beberapa tipe data (mis. handwritten data), dan memberikan perintah ke komputer.

beberapa jenis pointing devices …

Mouse - A common pointing device that the user slides along a flat surface to move a pointer around the screen and clicks its buttons to make selections.

Beberapa Jenis Pointing Devices …

Touch Pad – piranti pe-nunjuk yang berbentuk segiempat, kecil serta mendatar yang bersifat sensitive terhadap pene-kanan dan gerakan. 

  

Pointing stick – piranti penunjuk yang peka terha-dap tekanan berbentuk seperti penghapus yang terletak di antar tombol keyboard.  

Touch Device …

Karena memiliki banyak pergerakan tangan, biasanya piranti ini tidak banyak memasukkan data. Fungsi seleksi lebih dominan.

Scaner

BarCode Reader

RFID Reader

Audio dan Video Input

biometrics input

Piranti Output

definisi : piranti output (output device) …

Output merupakan data yang telah diproses ke bentuk yang berguna. Komputer memproses process data (input) menjadi informasi (output).

definisi : piranti output (output device) …

Piranti output merupakan perangkat keras yang menyampaikan informasi kepada pengguna. 

Display Device

Piranti yang secara visual menyampaikan informasi teks, grafis atau video.

  

The graphics processing unit (GPU) controls the manipulation and display of graphics on a display device

LCD monitors use a digital signal and should plug into a DVI port, and HDMI port, or a DisplayPort  

Printers

Before purchasing a printer, ask yourself a series of questions:

A nonimpact printer forms characters and graphics on a piece of paper without actually striking the paper

A multifunction peripheral (MFP) is a single device that prints, scans, copies, and in some cases, faxes

Sometimes called an all-in-one device

A mobile printer is a small, lightweight, battery-powered printer that allows a mobile user to print from a notebook computer, smart phone, or other mobile device

A label printer is a small printer that prints on adhesive-type material

A postage printer prints postage stamps

Postage also can be printed on other

Plotters are used to produce high-quality drawings

Large-format printers create photo-realistic quality color prints on a larger scale

  

Impact printers form characters and graphics on a piece of paper by striking a mechanism against an inked ribbon that physically contacts the paper

Dot-matrix printer

Line printer

A dot-matrix printer produces printed images when tiny wire pins on a print head mechanism strike an inked ribbon

A line printer prints an entire line at a time

Speakers, Headphones, and Earbuds

An audio output device produces music, speech, or other sounds

Most computer users attach speakers to their computers to:

Generate higher-quality sounds for playing games

Interact with multimedia presentations

Listen to music

View movies

Headphones are speakers that cover or are placed outside of the ear

Earbuds (also called earphones) rest inside the ear canal

Some speakers are specifically designed to play audio from a portable media player

Wireless speakers

Other Output Devices

Other output devices are available for specific uses and applications

Data projectors

Interactive whiteboards

Force-feedback game controllers

Tactile output

A data projector is a device that takes the text and images displaying on a computer screen and projects them on a larger screen

LCD projector

Digital light processing (DLP) projector

An interactive whiteboard is a touch-sensitive device, resembling a dry-erase board, that displays the image on a connected computer screen

Piranti Pemroses

definisi : system unit  …

System unit merupakan sebuah tempat yang berisi komponen elektronik sebuah komputer yang digunakan untuk mengolah data. 

Dalam sebuah system unit terdapat beberapa komponen 

Mother board  …

Motherboard (a.k.a system board) merupa-kan main circuit board dari sebuah system unit.

Terdiri dari expansion slots, processor chips, dan memory slots

Processor …

Disebut juga dengan central processing unit (CPU), berfungsi mengintepretasi dan melaksanakan instruksi untuk mengoperasikan sebuah computer.

Terdiri atas sebuah control unit (CU) dan sebuah arithmetic logic unit (ALU) yang secara bersama bekerja untuk melakukan operasi pengolahan. 

… processor …

CU berfungsi mengarahkan dan mengkoordinir operasi-operasi sebuah computer.

Menangani transmisi data dari dan ke CPU

Intepretasi instruksi

ALU melakukan operasi arithmetik, perbandingan dan operasi lainnya.  

… processor …

Setiap instruksi yang dilaksanakan, processor akan melaksanakan 4 operasi dasar, yang membentuk satu siklus mesin. 

 … beberapa informasi …

Beberapa perbandingan processor 

… beberapa informasi …

Determine how you plan to use a new computer before selecting a processor

  

Data Representation

A computer circuit represents the 0 or the 1 electronically by the presence or absence of an electrical charge

Eight bits grouped together as a unit are called a byte. A byte represents a single character in the computer ( numbers, upper or lower case letters, or punctuation marks)

  

Piranti Penyimpan …

… definisi : piranti penyimpan (storage device) …

Storage menyimpan data, instruksi, dan information untuk digunakan kembali (future use).

A storage medium, (sering disebut secondary storage) merupakan material fisik di mana data, instruksi, dan informasi disimpan.

Storage

Capacity is the number of bytes a storage medium can hold 

Access time measures:

The amount of time it takes a storage device to locate an item on a storage medium

The time required to deliver an item from memory to the processor

Hard Disk

A hard disk contains one or more inflexible, circular platters that use magnetic particles to store data, instructions, and information

RAID (redundant array of independent disks) is a group of two or more integrated hard disks

A network attached storage (NAS) device is a server connected to a network with the sole purpose of providing storage

Flash Memory Storage

Flash memory chips are a type of solid state media and contain no moving parts

Solid state drives (SSDs) have several advantages over magnetic hard disks:

A memory card is a removable flash memory device that you insert and remove from a slot in a computer, mobile device, or card reader/writer

USB flash drives plug into a USB port on a computer or mobile device

An ExpressCard module is a removable device that fits in an ExpressCard slot

Developed by the PCMCIA

Commonly used in notebook computers

  

Cloud Storage

Cloud storage is an Internet service that provides storage to computer users

Users subscribe to cloud storage for a variety of reasons:

Access files from any computer

Store large files instantaneously

Allow others to access their files

View time-critical data and images immediately

Store offsite backups

Provide data center functions

Optical Discs

An optical disc consists of a flat, round, portable disc made of metal, plastic, and lacquer that is written and read by a laser

Typically store software, data, digital photos, movies, and music

Read only vs. rewritable

Care of optical discs

Other Types of Storage

Tape

Magnetic stripe cards and smart cards

Microfilm and microfiche

Enterprise storage

  

Magnetic stripe cards and smart cards

Tape is a magnetically coated ribbon of plastic capable of storing large amounts of data and information

A tape drive reads and writes data and information on a tape

A magnetic stripe card contains a magnetic stripe that stores information

A smart card stores data on a thin microprocessor embedded in the card

Microfilm and microfiche store microscopic images of documents on a roll or sheet film

Enterprise storage stores huge volumes of data and information for large businesses

Uses special hardware for heavy use, maximum availability, and maximum efficiency

Strategi, kebijakan, atau aturan untuk menggunakan sistem informasi, meliputi operasi, pemeliharaan, keamanan.

Contoh

prosedur bagaimana sebuah program dijalankan, prosedur yang menjelaskan tindakan yang dilakukan jika terjadi bencana

Aturan yang menetapkan siapa saja yang dapat mengakses suatu data